The Gold Star Monument is the newest addition to Memorial Park. It was built in collaboration with the Woody Williams Foundation and Delaware Gold Star families.

It is the only memorial in the country that allows visitors to create pencil rubbings of their loved ones’ names. This simple act can be a deeply emotional experience for many.

Memorial Wall of Remembrance

The Memorial Wall of Remembrance is a series of panels engraved with names of individuals killed in wars and other violent events. Its location in Memorial Park reflects the original purpose of the site, which was used as an Army training camp. During the Depression, many local residents came to volunteer and help build some of the park’s restrooms, roadways and picnic areas.

The Barkers found it difficult to determine exactly how the names were chosen for the wall, since there was no formal public process. But they did find some glaring errors: For example, when two Navy pilots were killed in a crash off Japan, their names appear on the wall but not those of a pair of Air Force pilots who were also killed in the same accident.

The Memorial Park Conservancy has started hosting “Live at Live Oak,” a series of concerts that align with significant cultural celebrations four times a year. The first two events focused on Hispanic Heritage Month and Diwali.

The Doughboy Statue

This Doughboy statue is a somber World War I soldier holding his helmet and gun. It stands on a small pedestal and was sculpted by local artisan Philip Martiny (1858-1927) who studied with Augustus Saint-Gaudens and was a well-known artist in New York City.

The Doughboy was commissioned by the local community to honor men who served in World War I. It was dedicated on Memorial Day 1923. The town’s residents gathered at the monument for patriotic ceremonies that included music from St Mary’s Military Band, a rendition of the Star Spangled Banner by children from P.S 11, and the unveiling of Gold Star Relatives.

A large bronze plaque on the base of the Doughboy lists names of those from the town who served in World War I. The Doughboy also holds a cannon that was part of a World War I captured German mortar. The Chattooga County Historical Society is involved in ongoing preservation of the Doughboy and other historic properties at Dowdy Park including the 1840s Couey House.

The Park’s Curatorial Space

In contrast to the competing headstones of traditional cemeteries, memorial parks use dignified sculptured markers lying flat in landscaped plots. Central water features, statuary, or gathering spots are incorporated into the primary design to identify sections of the cemetery and provide an environment for quiet meditation and reflection.

Brooke Kamin Rapaport is a museum curator and public art specialist who is the Director of New York’s Madison Square Park Conservancy, where she oversees an ambitious outdoor sculptural program. Her public art projects have included commissioned works by artists such as Diana AI-Hadid, Martin Puryear, and Josiah McElheny.

She is leading a design process at June 5 Memorial Park that centers community voices throughout the project development and co-designs a garden that celebrates Seattle’s Black diaspora, honors Dr. King’s legacy, and provides a dedicated space for healing from gun violence. This work is funded by a National Park Service Research Permit. All scientific research in a national park requires a permit. Specimens collected from park property must be stored in repositories that meet NPS requirements for preservation and access.

The Park’s Landscape

At Memorial Park, visitors are able to rest and replenish the body, mind, and spirit in a naturally beautiful oasis. The park’s lower level curatorial space showcases the local war history and pays tribute to the soldiers, while the roof garden embodies the spirit of remembrance through 250 birch trees that symbolize the victims of the Sewol ferry disaster.

The architecture and landscape are integrated as a figure-ground, with the building housing cultural and exhibition spaces, amenities, and a shop while the landscape serves social events, promenades, gardens, and a memorial park. Over time, the birch trees are expected to grow into a forest symbolizing the meaning of the tragedy: death leads to new life.

In collaboration with the Township of Maplewood, UNITEDLAB was able to create a project that revitalizes unused open space, brings attention to forgotten local war history, constructs a landmark for remembrance, and nurtures a new urban center filled with laughter and collective memories. This year, the project won a 10th Annual A+ Award from Civil + Structural Engineer magazine.

The Division establishes qualifications for professions and occupations involved in funeral directing, embalming and preneed sales; oversees licensed funeral homes and establishments; investigates consumer/provider complaints; and provides educational opportunities.

A meeting between family members and the funeral director to discuss arrangements. It is usually held a day or two after the death of the decedent.

Professional Licensing

The death of a loved one can be an emotionally challenging and stressful time for families. Funeral directors help guide families through the many legal and logistical tasks that must be completed. They also provide support and compassion during this difficult time.

In order to become licensed as a funeral director or embalmer, candidates must complete mortuary science coursework and pass a state exam. Requirements vary by state, so it’s important to check with your state board of funeral service for more information.

In addition to state-specific licensing requirements, funeral directors and embalmers must also obtain licenses from their national professional organization. NFDA members receive valuable resources and information to help them navigate the national laws, regulations and standards that affect their businesses. NFDA’s Advocacy team is committed to having a positive impact on the national laws that directly affect funeral professionals and small businesses.

Licensing Requirements

As a funeral professional you should be aware of licensing requirements in the state(s) in which you are licensed to practice. NFDA is committed to keeping members informed about national laws that affect their businesses. Click here to get the latest information on important issues impacting your profession.

Licensing information for all states is available on the NFDA website, including links to their websites and contact information.

Upon license renewal, each funeral director or embalmer must complete 12 hours of continuing education instruction during each biennium. At least one hour of the required training must cover compliance with federal or state laws and regulations governing the funeral service profession, including preneed arrangements.

It is recommended that the 12 hours of CE be taken in a live classroom setting. AAMI offers courses that meet this requirement, however students who plan to relocate should check with their state’s funeral regulatory body and higher education agencies to verify that the AAMI coursework will be accepted for licensure in those states.

Education Requirements

Funeral directors and embalmers must meet education requirements, pass national and state licensing exams and complete an internship to become licensed. In New Jersey, these licenses are issued by the Department of Health. The Federal Trade Commission also regulates the funeral industry and enforces its Funeral Rule.

NCC’s bachelor’s degree program is accredited by the American Board of Funeral Service Education, which oversees academic quality and curriculum for college programs in mortuary science. Our program prepares you for the practice of funeral service and helps you develop a diverse skill set for supporting grieving families.

The BSAD program’s curriculum includes classes in biological science, business and social sciences. Our students also learn cultural competence, which teaches them to respect different faith practices and expressions of grief.

After graduation, you will take the National Board Examination administered by The International Conference of Funeral Service Examining Boards. The exam covers both the arts and sciences of funeral service. The arts section tests your knowledge of funeral arranging, memorialization and communication skills. The science section tests your knowledge of physiology, anatomy, chemistry and restorative arts.

Scholarships

Mortuary science students can benefit from scholarships for their studies. For example, the National Funeral Directors Association confers scholarships worth up to $25,000 annually. Requirements include achieving a high school diploma or GED certificate, enrolling full-time in an ABFSE-accredited funeral service program, being a United States citizen or eligible non-citizen, maintaining a cumulative GPA of 2.5 and submitting a transcript, resume, essay and two recommendations.

Many independent funeral homes also host community educational events to provide important planning information. This can include advance health care directives, writing a will, senior safety tips and how to make funeral wishes.

The Order of the Golden Rule awards several scholarship programs to help promising mortuary science students. The Shipley Rose Buckner Memorial Scholarship honors the University of Tennessee student who died in a car crash and provides up to $5,000 to two female students who are enrolled at independently-owned mortuary schools. Other OFDA scholarships include the Dennis Schoepp Memorial Scholarship and Joseph E. Hagan Memorial Scholarship.

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A morgue is a facility within a hospital or medical center where bodies are kept temporarily until they can be identified, autopsied or prepared for burial.

Some mortuaries offer more direct services such as a quick viewing for immediate family members or on-site cremation without the full offering of memorialization. A person who works in a mortuary is a mortician or funeral director.

Body preparation

Body preparation is an important part of funeral arrangements. It helps grieving families come to terms with their loss and start the healing process. For this reason, it’s crucial that funeral directors handle the body with care and respect. The process involves cleaning, dressing and arranging the body in a dignified appearance. It also includes a thorough inspection and documentation of the body. It may be stored in a refrigerated unit to slow down decomposition while awaiting examination or autopsy, or for transport to a funeral home.

A mortician begins by cleaning the body to remove any visible dirt or debris. They then use fillers and preservatives to delay the natural decomposition of the body, ensuring that it looks lifelike. They also relieve rigor mortis by bending, flexing and massaging the arms and legs. Lastly, they position the body so that it looks as though it is resting peacefully.

Autopsy

The pathologist conducts a thorough examination of the body’s internal organs and tissue. Depending on the circumstances of the death, an autopsy may include a complete or partial evisceration (removal and preservation of organs), a coronal incision of the scalp, and the collection and preservation of materials for indicated ancillary investigations.

Forensic and medical scientists use the autopsy to better understand disease processes and how they manifest in the human body. Autopsies also provide valuable information about the cause, mode, and manner of a person’s death, especially in cases of unexplained or suspicious deaths.

Staff who perform postmortem examinations on cadavers follow required don, use, and doff protocols to avoid self-contamination, minimize the risk of carrying germs outside the mortuary suite or anteroom, and mitigate transmission of mumps virus. The cadaver is then placed in a body bag and stored in a refrigeration unit for later examination. Occasionally, educational tissue obtained from an autopsy is used in teaching programs for medical students, residents, forensic science interns, and pathologists’ assistant students.

Final disposition

The final disposition of a loved one is an important decision that must be made by family or next of kin. It may be helpful to consult with funeral professionals and legal experts to ensure that your loved one’s wishes are respected and that the process is handled properly.

Alternatives to traditional burial and cremation include ground burial, aboveground entombment in a mausoleum, and scattering of ashes. These options can be more environmentally friendly or offer a more personalized memorial service. It is also possible to have a combination of these options.

For those who wish to preplan their funeral arrangements, including final disposition instructions is an essential step. This can help alleviate the burden on surviving loved ones and prevent them from making decisions that do not reflect your wishes. It is also recommended to discuss these plans with your family members to avoid any confusion or disputes after your death.

Cremation

Cremation is a common alternative to burial and is usually done in a mortuary setting. After embalming the body it is placed in a container (often referred to as an urn, but can be anything from a cardboard box to a decorative urn) and taken to the crematorium.

Once in the crematorium, the remains are exposed to extreme heat (up to 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit), which reduces them to ash and bone fragments. This is a very delicate process and can be affected by the size of the body, temperature of the furnace, the time the cremation takes and even the ambient air quality.

Once the cremated remains have been reduced to ashes they are removed from the urn, inspected again for any metal remnants left behind from pins and screws used in surgical procedures and pulverized into the final product, which is often sold as “ashes”. The ashes may be scattered on private or public property with a permit from the local government, buried in cemetery plots, entombed or kept in an urn.

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Mortuaries are places where bodies are stored and sometimes embalmed while they await a funeral or burial. They are often located on hospital grounds or operated as private clinics.

Some people confuse them with funeral homes, but there are some key differences. A funeral home is more of a full-service facility that focuses on guiding families through the mourning process.

Morgue

The morgue is a temperature-controlled facility where bodies are stored until they can be buried or cremated. A morgue may also serve as a place where autopsies are performed.

In some cases, a mortuary can also serve as a funeral home. However, the funeral home typically has licensed professionals on staff and is more likely to offer services like visitations and funeral masses.

A funeral home may also have a crematorium on-site, which can be used for cremations. A crematorium is a much more modern and less sterile environment than the typical mortuary.

If you’re interested in seeing inside a mortuary, check out this video “Permission to Embalm”. It’s a short documentary that gives you an inside look at a mortuary and explains some of the tools and techniques used. There’s also a longer documentary called “For Life” that provides more of an overview of the whole funeral process including burial and viewings. Both are available on Netflix.

Funeral Home

A funeral home is a place that provides a full range of services to help loved ones grieve and celebrate. They usually have viewing rooms and a chapel for services. They also provide caskets and urns. The staff at a funeral home can dress a body and apply makeup to make them look natural for viewing sessions.

Funeral homes often have a cemetery division that handles the purchase of grave sites and monuments for the families they serve. They can also sell preneed funeral policies to customers.

Some people prefer to use a funeral home for their end-of-life needs because they can meet with a specialist to discuss all of the options available, such as burial and cremation. They can also help people preplan their arrangements so that they can avoid confusion and financial burden for their family in the future.

Embalming

The embalming process is a way of preserving the body after death. It delays natural decomposition and can make the body suitable for viewing or other services within a week. It’s not required by law for a funeral, but many funeral homes recommend it as a way to show respect.

To embalm, a professional drains the remaining blood from the remains and fills them with a formaldehyde-based solution. They also may drain the remaining fluid from the chest and abdominal cavities before tightly packing them to retain a natural bodily form.

The embalming process takes two hours to complete and requires a lot of chemicals. It isn’t good for the environment and can cause problems with groundwater and nearby land. It also isn’t great for the remains themselves, as they become more brittle and less likely to preserve in the long term. The deceased’s family can choose not to be embalmed. However, if the body is going to be cremated or buried soon after death, a funeral home will insist on embalming the body.

Cremation

Cremation is a process whereby human remains are reduced to bone fragments and other residue through heat and flame. The process is performed in a special furnace called a cremation chamber or retort and exposed to extreme temperatures up to 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit. The cremated remains are then pulverized and processed into a fine powder, known as ashes. The ashes are then placed in temporary containers until the family selects an urn to permanently encase them.

Once a funeral home or mortuary takes custody of the physical remains, a chain-of-custody is established through proper identification procedures. This is important because it ensures the cremated remains are returned to the correct family after the service.

A family can choose to bury the ashes in a cemetery, scatter them on private property or in a place that held meaning to their loved one. The ashes can also be kept in an urn or a special display piece, such as a mantle clock or hourglass.

While the term graveyard is often used interchangeably with cemetery, there are distinct differences. The primary difference is where the burial grounds are located.

In the Middle Ages, wealthy congregants were buried in individual crypts inside their place of worship. Less privileged church members were interred in graveyards. They were marked by a headstone engraved with their name, dates of birth and death and other biographical data.

What Is One?

A graveyard is an area where people are buried. It is also called a cemetery and a resting place. Historically, people were buried close to where they lived or worked, but after the invention of mass burials, they started to be buried in cemeteries.

Often, they were buried in graveyards adjacent to their place of worship. Richer families were able to afford a headstone that was engraved with the name, dates of birth and death and other information.

Because of their superstitious and legend characteristics, graveyards are used at night to hold black magic ceremonies and other clandestine happenings, such as devil-worshipping and thrillsome sex encounters. They are also sometimes used as a site for illegal activities such as grave-robbing (gold teeth and jewelry are often taken from the dead) and other illicit drug or alcohol abuses.

What Is the Difference Between a Graveyard and a Cemetery?

When you’re arranging a funeral for someone close to you, the words graveyard and cemetery can feel confusing because they’re both places where dead bodies are buried. However, the difference between these two locations is more than just semantics—it has implications for your choice of burial site.

Historically, graveyards have always been affiliated with a church. Because they were limited in size by the space available on church grounds, they were typically smaller than modern cemeteries. As church populations grew and church burial grounds became full, a new type of burial location emerged called a cemetery.

Unlike a graveyard, cemeteries are not affiliated with a specific religious institution and allow all religions to be interred there. Because of their larger size and ability to hold more burials, they also have a different feel than traditional graveyards. Today, many people use the terms graveyard and cemetery interchangeably. If you’re a stickler for linguistic precision, though, you might want to reserve the word graveyard for resting places on church grounds and the word cemetery for more modern, separate burial sites that aren’t affiliated with a specific place of worship.

Why Are Cemeteries More Popular?

A cemetery can be a beautiful place. It is a protected space and it can be enjoyed by anyone willing to walk around, observe nature and contemplate the lives of those who died. It can also be a place of memorial and remembrance for friends and family members who have passed away.

Historically, graveyards were a result of church efforts to ensure that people were properly laid to rest after death. When church graveyards began to run out of room, non-church-associated cemeteries were established to cater to the needs of a growing population.

Many families now choose to avoid the traditional burial process and instead scatter ashes in a special location that reflects the life of their loved one. This is not uncommon as it enables a more personal funeral and allows for the return to nature of ashes. While this trend is a sign of the times, it does not mean that people no longer feel a need for a permanent memorial.

What Are the Differences Between Cemeteries and Graveyards?

Although both graveyard and cemetery involve locations where people are buried, the words have different meanings. The main difference is that graveyards are typically associated with churches and actually located within church grounds. Those buried in a graveyard were members of that specific church or had previously expressed a desire to be interred there upon death. Cemeteries, on the other hand, are often not affiliated with a church and are open to those of all faiths (or none).

While the two terms are now used interchangeably in most instances, they weren’t always so synonymous. The word cemetery is much older than graveyard and was originally used to describe a large burial ground that wasn’t connected to a church. Churches were able to build larger buildings to accommodate the increasing number of departed Christians and had less room for their own graveyards, which led to the creation of many of today’s modern cemeteries.

Cemetery Design involves a delicate balance of both aesthetics and functionality. It is important to understand your audience and what type of experience you want to create for them.

Modern Cemetery Design reflects changing societal attitudes toward death and remembrance. Minimalism and environmental sustainability are a growing trend in burial practices.

Design Considerations

Cemetery design requires a thoughtful process with a clear understanding of your objectives and the site. This can include a master plan, landscaping and architecture.

A good master plan addresses cemetery needs, sales trends, long and short-term goals, and community demographics. It should also include an environmental impact assessment, a maintenance evaluation and options for new burial spaces.

Cemetery layouts should be flow-oriented to reduce mowing and maintenance costs and enhance aesthetics. Landscaping should consider climate, soil conditions and plant species selection. Water features are important to both beautify the grounds and provide an inviting place to visit. Circulation is a key element of architectural design, affecting user experience significantly. Well designed paving, walkways and paths improve efficiency and accessibility. Light, both natural and artificial, is another critical design consideration.

Master Plan

A cemetery master plan is a crucial step in the development of a cemetery. It provides the framework and direction for future expansions, improvements, landscape character preservation and operations.

In most cases, a master plan is updated on a regular basis. It is recommended that a plan be revisited on a 5 year cycle to keep up with market changes, new cemetery products and horticultural needs.

Good cemetery design adds value. Burials that are located near scenic and beautiful spaces or park features command premium prices. Similarly, cremation gardens that are carefully planned and designed are often sold prior to completion. This helps to offset the cost of construction and ensures that the cemetery is a successful operation. This in turn translates into more revenue for the cemetery.

Landscape & Architecture

A cemetery’s landscape and architecture should evoke a feeling of serenity and comfort for visitors. Incorporating elements like flowing water, natural foliage, and even art pieces in a thoughtful way can help.

Cemetery design can also reflect cultural shifts through architectural and landscape choices. For example, a trend toward minimalism and environmental sustainability in burial practices reflects a change in cultural attitudes towards life and death.

Circulation is another important consideration in cemetery design, determining how people move through and interact with spaces. A well-thought-out circulation plan promotes safety, accessibility, and efficiency and can impact the visitor’s experience significantly.

Ultimately, a proper needs assessment is the foundation of cemetery design and planning. It ensures that your facility is built to last and serves its community for generations to come.

Accessibility

Accessibility is a key consideration for cemetery design. Easily navigable terrain and wide pathways are standard features in new cemeteries, and many offer designated areas for diverse cultural interment practices.

Parking and transportation options are also important, as they help visitors who may need to travel longer distances. Attractive, well-marked signage helps visitors navigate the grounds, and often includes braille for visually impaired individuals.

Incorporating local cultural elements in architecture further enhances the cemetery’s spiritual impact, and can help connect visitors with their heritage and history. These elements may take the form of adaptations in architectural style, materials or construction techniques. These subtle nuances are the heart of a meaningful cemetery design.

Signage

Signage can help visitors find their way around the cemetery. Directional signs should be placed along key road or walking path junctions near the entrance to the cemetery. Information signs should be designed to accentuate the Entry Feature and relate architecturally with the overall project.

The incorporation of historical and cultural elements into the design of a cemetery can create spaces that are both calming and reflective of a community’s heritage. This approach may involve the use of traditional architecture styles, materials, and construction techniques.

Integrating water features such as ponds and cascading brooks can also provide soothing audio elements. This type of feature can be especially helpful in creating a sense of tranquility for mourners. Similarly, the incorporation of biomimetic design—taking inspiration from nature’s forms and structures—can add a unique aesthetic to a cemetery’s space.

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A cemetery is a place for people to be laid to rest. Cemeteries are usually separate from churches and are often found in rural areas.

Various factors influence how a cemetery looks and functions. Some of these factors include: location, architecture, and history. Visiting a cemetery can be an emotional experience, and it is important to keep in mind cemetery etiquette.

Aesthetics

A cemetery is a place of memorial for the deceased and also provides an interesting source of historical data. Many local councils provide online indexes to their burial records. These typically include a list of names extracted from grave monuments and may include a low resolution image of the headstone.

Many people visit their family’s graves frequently and leave flowers and other objects on the monument or headstone. This creates a maintenance problem in the cemetery and can damage or degrade the monument or headstone. Newer columbarium walls may incorporate clips beside each plaque allowing a small posy of flowers to be left without creating the maintenance problems associated with leaving them on the tops of the wall of plaques.

Empirical aesthetics, a branch of philosophy, investigates how the physical properties of things provoke aesthetic responses such as pleasure and displeasure. This approach veers away from the definition of beauty given by the Oxford English Dictionary and more closely approaches the fields of cognitive psychology and neuroscience.

Function

A cemetery’s primary function is to provide dignified care to individuals buried within its grounds and to offer comfort to those who visit to remember and pay their respects. It is also responsible for the sale and management of physical burial rights (plots, crypts, niches), memorialization and ongoing maintenance of the cemetery grounds and facilities.

It may be owned by a religious order, municipality, fraternal organization or association, individual or corporation and the ownership structure determines the mix of available burial options, memorialization and legacy services offered. A cemetery’s policies, practices and Rules and Regulations govern the use of land within the cemetery.

A cemetery may include a columbarium wall for cremains interred in individual spaces, which are much more cost-efficient than traditional graves. A columbarium wall typically includes a number of niches, each with a plaque that can be purchased and engraved. The cemetery may also sell urns to hold cremated remains. Alternatively, families may choose to keep cremated remains at home.

History

During the 19th century, as populations rapidly increased, churchyard burial grounds became overcrowded and unsanitary. As a result, the cemetery–a separate location for the dead–became increasingly popular. These cemeteries usually included large areas of grass, and extravagant statues. Some were designed to look like parks, and people began to visit them for picnics and other activities.

Cemetery authorities often struggle with how to manage the graves of the deceased. They may need to re-use older graves when the space becomes too full, but they must do so carefully. There are often local descendants who object to re-use and will mount a public campaign against it.

The foliage in a cemetery has also undergone significant evolution over time. Initially Hillhouse planted Lombardy poplars in the New Haven Cemetery, giving the town its nickname of “the Elm City.” Today the cemetery is filled with a variety of trees and shrubs. Some are more than 100 years old and still bearing fruit. Others have been damaged by ice storms, high winds, and drought.

Location

A cemetery is an area that has been specifically designed and adapted to the burial practice of its community. It may be owned by a municipality, religious order, fraternal organization, association or individual. Its owners and their preferences determine the mix of services, memorial options and other legacy features available.

Graveyards and cemeteries vary in their appearance and functionality. They can be categorized according to the type of burial options and memorialization allowed, services provided, religious affiliation, and ownership structure.

It is not unusual for families to keep the graves of their ancestors at their homes (a burying ground), in a family plot next to their church (a churchyard), or even in a public space that was unaffiliated with a specific religion (a cemetery). Many of these early burial grounds have been absorbed into the larger modern cemetery system. These days, there are also “natural” burial grounds where graves are left to decompose in the wild.