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The Bureau licenses and investigates complaints against California funeral establishments, funeral directors, embalmers and apprentice embalmers; cemetery brokers, salespersons and managers; cremated remains disposers and urn manufacturers. It also provides educational resources and administers the National Board Examination.

It’s important to know what to look for when choosing a funeral home. You can avoid funeral home neglect by asking the right questions and comparing prices and services.

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The death of a loved one is often a traumatic experience. Choosing the right funeral arrangements can help families make important memories while honoring their deceased family member’s wishes. By asking the right questions, comparing prices and services, and making informed decisions, consumers can choose arrangements that are meaningful to them and control costs for themselves and their survivors.

The Funeral Rule requires funeral directors to give individuals a General Price List (GPL) whenever they discuss the goods or services that you sell with them in person, regardless of whether they are making arrangements now or later. However, the Rule does not require you to send GPLs in response to telephone or mail inquiries about funeral goods or services.

NFDA members have access to exclusive discounts on everyday business supplies and BP gasoline, plus a wide range of other benefits. In addition, members receive expert legal assistance and support on a variety of topics, from a free monthly legal consultation to studies, reports and model laws.

Services

Funeral homes offer a variety of services, including embalming, funeral arrangements, and cremation. They can also help with burial, memorial, and service planning. They may also sell insurance policies to cover costs associated with a death. If you have a problem with a funeral home, contact a consumer organization like the Funeral Consumers Alliance for advice. The ICCFA Cemetery Consumer Service Council can offer informal mediation.

The Texas Funeral Service Commission regulates funeral homes and funeral directors. This agency is responsible for licensing and monitoring these individuals to ensure that they follow the law. You can file a complaint with them about at-need arrangements, funeral services, and funeral director behavior. They also oversee the inspections of funeral establishments and the registration of funeral directors. They provide a number of resources to the public, including educational materials, legal forms, and a list of licensed funeral directors. You can also find information about upcoming meetings and meeting minutes.

Payment options

Many funeral consumers are concerned about paying for their loved ones’ services, and it is important to understand the various payment options available. Some options include paying in cash, using credit cards, or taking out a loan. In addition, some families choose to prepay funeral expenses in order to save money and avoid future interest charges.

If you offer packages to at-need consumers, you must provide a GPL with all required disclosures. However, you cannot charge a fee for the GPL or place conditions on giving consumers the information that the Rule requires.

You must also give a GPL to anyone who inquires about your prices, including competitors, journalists, representatives of businesses, religious societies, and government agencies. However, you do not have to give the GPL to people who call or write you after business hours about at-need arrangements. You can return their call or letter at a later time. You do not have to send them a GPL by mail if they are already in the middle of an arrangements conference or meeting with you.

Insurance

Funeral homes often offer insurance policies to cover the cost of funerals. These policies typically include commercial property coverage that protects the funeral home’s building, furniture, caskets, and other assets. These policies also include general liability coverage that protects the funeral home in case of a lawsuit.

Some funeral homes sell their own funeral insurance policy, while others partner with an independent or exclusive insurance company to provide a pre-need insurance product. The independent agents usually represent several insurers, while exclusive or captive agents only sell the policy from one insurance company.

Burial insurance policies are similar to traditional life insurance, but they typically have lower premiums and do not require a medical exam. In addition, they may be available with a level premium, which means the premium won’t increase as you age. Some companies are even able to factor in life insurance proceeds so that funeral services can be provided immediately. This service typically comes with a significant fee.

Mortuary is a refrigerated compartment or area within a hospital, medical examiner’s office, care centre, hospice or retirement home where bodies are stored until they can be identified or removed for an autopsy or respectful burial. Most of us have seen a morgue depicted in movies or TV shows.

Government emergency preparedness procedures usually designate public facilities such as ice rinks to act as temporary morgues during times of mass death.

Preparation of the Body

Whether you choose burial or cremation, your loved one’s funeral service will begin with a careful preparation of the body. Your funeral director and embalmer work with empathy and professionalism to ensure that every detail is taken care of.

The first step is to transport the body from the place of death (hospital/nursing home, private residence) to the mortuary. Then, the process of cleaning and disinfecting begins. This is done to avoid infection in those who view the deceased and for the sake of dignity.

A procedure known as cavity embalming is then performed. During this process, full strength embalming fluid is injected into the abdominal and thoracic cavities of the remains, which helps preserve them and restore their appearance.

Next, the face is cleaned and cosmetics are applied to create a lifelike appearance for those who pay their respects. This is usually a very time consuming process that requires great attention to detail. If the family wishes, personal effects and mementos can be added to create a unique presentation.

Identification of the Deceased

The level of decomposition determines the identification processes employed. A skeletonized body is referred to a forensic anthropology unit for analysis. If the body is still relatively intact, an attempt is made to identify it through fingerprinting, visual identification and circumstantial evidence such as clothing, piercings or paper items found with the body.

As long as there is not extreme decomposition, it is easy for a family member or friend to visually identify a dead person by comparing the remains with photographs provided by the medical examiner. Other methods of identification include analyzing dental records and fingerprints, and looking at distinctive marks such as scars or tattoos. A list of potential identification features is compiled and photographed, including height, weight, age and sex, as well as hair color and piercings. In a small number of cases, DNA analysis has been used to identify the deceased. This is done only after a presumptive identity has been established.

Arrangements for Burial or Cremation

The decision to bury or cremate is an extremely personal choice that should be made based on religious or spiritual beliefs, as well as the needs of family and friends. It is also important to consider the cost of burial or cremation and how it will affect end-of-life planning.

Burial arrangements include the funeral service, burial and grave or columbarium placement. Cremation arrangements can include a memorial service at the funeral home, place of worship or other location and a keepsake urn for cremated remains.

Some funeral homes offer a direct cremation option that does not include a visitation, viewing or ceremony. In this situation, the funeral home will secure and transport the body in a container to a crematory. Most crematories allow families to dress their loved ones prior to the time of cremation, although clothing choices must be completely combustible. Then the body is transported to the crematory, which could be onsite or at a third-party provider.

Final Arrangements

Once the body has been properly prepared, arrangements can be made for burial or cremation. The funeral home can provide caskets, urns, and other memorial products or arrange for interment in a grave, crypt, or niche.

A funeral home can also offer a ceremony and event space. Some offer a chapel, staterooms for viewing, and parking lots. They may also have a full-service crematorium.

Anatomy and physiology knowledge are important for mortuary science professionals. They should know the different stages of decomposition and be able to explain these processes to families. They must also follow legal and ethical guidelines when handling a deceased person’s body.

If you are thinking about making your own final arrangements, it is important to write them down and discuss them with loved ones. You can use a document called a final arrangements document, or you can write a letter to your health care agent with instructions for your representative. You should keep all documents in a safe place.

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Many people use the terms graveyard and cemetery interchangeably, but there are important differences between them. A graveyard is an area of land used to bury people, often next to a church.

During the Middle Ages, wealthy and influential Christians were interred inside the church in a crypt while less-wealthy congregants were buried in the graveyard section of the church yard.

Churchyards

A churchyard is a patch of land adjacent to a church, in which people are buried. This is contrasted with a cemetery, which is a larger and more formal area of burial ground.

In the Middle Ages, wealthy lords of manors and their families would be buried inside the church itself in crypts, while the more common members of the congregation were buried in the churchyard.

Today, churchyards are often used for a mix of burials and memorials, and they can be a very pleasant place to walk or meditate. They can also be a valuable source of information for family historians. If you want to carry out any work in a churchyard, including tree felling and planting, it’s essential to check with the DAC first.

Cemeteries

While the terms cemetery and graveyard are often used interchangeably, there is a difference between them. The former refers to a burial ground on church grounds and the latter is more broadly used to describe any place for human remains.

During the Middle Ages, wealthy Christians or members of high social status were generally interred inside a church, usually in a crypt, and less wealthy congregants were buried outside on the churchyard’s grounds. These burial sites became known as graveyards.

As the population of Europe grew, the capacity of churchyard burial grounds began to run out and new places for burial emerged. This led to the development of cemeteries that were separate from church grounds and not associated with a particular religion. This allowed families to choose where they wanted their loved ones to be buried.

Gravestones

For some, cemeteries are a source of fascination, allowing us to learn more about our ancestors through the symbols and epitaphs that they left behind. However, for others, the stones are a focus of grief and mourning.

In the colonial era gravestones were usually smaller than their modern counterparts and made of stone that was readily available. In Connecticut, for example, slate was used as the primary material but sandstone was also common.

It takes a great deal of skill to carve these stones by hand. Depending on the material, it can also take time to repair damage from weather or vandalism. Even removing overgrowth like ivy can be a complicated job and should be done with care to avoid damaging the carvings. It is often better to have professionals clean the monuments rather than attempt a DIY cleaning.

Monuments

Monuments are structures dedicated to a particular person or event. They can include stone victory stelae, tomb chests and tables, fountains, and mausolea.

They are designed to withstand the test of time. Often they are made from durable materials like granite and bronze and have an inscription of biographical information and a personal epitaph.

Generally, family members are responsible for the care of their own family’s gravestone or monument. This can be difficult because of lack of funds and busy lifestyles. In many instances, the care of a gravestone or monument may be neglected and this can lead to decay, damage, or vandalism. The re-use of graves within a cemetery can also be problematic as this can cause distress to descendants who oppose it.

Grave markers

Grave markers provide a place for friends and family to gather, remember, and pay their respects to the deceased. They can be as simple or as elaborate as desired and are usually engraved with the person’s name, dates of birth and death, and possibly an epitaph.

Most grave markers are made of granite or bronze. These materials are durable and easy to work with, allowing artists to create intricate designs. Often, the grave marker will be carved with religious symbols such as animals, flowers, flames, and celestial objects like the moon and stars.

Flush or flat grave markers are set in the ground above a grave space and can be more affordable than headstones. Some have vase attachments that allow the bereaved to leave floral tributes.

Gary: Good cemetery design adds value to burial plots. Plots close to scenic vistas or parks attractions command premium prices.

Hines: The challenge is to create unique cemetery places versus the typical expanse of graves that you see along highways outside most towns and cities.

Increasingly, the public wants to find natural sanctuary in cemeteries.

Master Plan

Cemetery master planning is critical for a cemetery to be able to identify short and long term needs. It also allows them to develop a logical and realistic implementation plan for a variety of projects based on need.

The design process starts with a cemetery analysis and site map. This allows a client to establish what they have, how much they want and where they can expand. This is also a good time to review changing consumer buying trends and the cemetery’s cash flow.

A cemetery should be unique, and the master plan is the place where this is established. An interesting feature can be a water feature, whether natural or constructed, which serves multiple purposes: aesthetics, infiltration of storm water, and wildlife habitat. It can also serve as an attraction for the community to visit and explore. Modern cemetery design must think beyond a grave and burying ground; it should be a vibrant celebration of life, family, history, individuality, and an integral part of the community.

Landscape and Architecture

The cemetery landscape is an opportunity to foster connections with people, celebrate life, and preserve history. An aesthetically-pleasing design encourages visitation and increases the marketability of burial spaces.

Mourners are often accustomed to leaving flowers on graves and columbarium walls. Newer designs of these structures take this into account by incorporating metal clips beside each plaque for a small posy. These are glued to the plaque and, as they decay, allow mourners to leave a beautiful floral display without the hassle of constantly re-arranging them.

In an era when societal attitudes toward death are changing, the cemetery landscape needs to evolve as well. It’s important to rethink the way we use cemeteries on a regular basis, and a master plan allows you to do just that. A process that involves the board and key stakeholders over a series of workshops can help a cemetery better understand the opportunities and costs of different projects. It can also identify long and short term needs, allowing the cemetery to balance development costs with revenue and expand inventory as needed.

Accessibility

Cemeteries must be accessible for people of all ages and abilities. This includes having sidewalks and wheelchair-accessible paths throughout the grounds, and ensuring that all facilities, including restrooms, visitor centers, chapels, and grave sites, are designed with accessibility in mind. It also involves regularly consulting with disability advocacy groups to ensure that the cemetery is adhering to current accessibility standards.

A growing trend in cemeteries is to use columbarium walls instead of burial plots. This allows families to bury their loved ones in space efficient spaces that are less costly than traditional burial plots. These spaces typically include a niche that can be marked with a plaque.

The design of a cemetery monument is a highly personal experience for a family and should reflect their loved one’s unique character and passions. It takes a special kind of knowledge to create a monument that is both respectful and beautiful. Skilled artisans are necessary to ensure that each monument is a lasting tribute.

Signage

The signage in a cemetery must be durable enough to stand up to years of harsh weather conditions (winter can be especially tough in western Ukraine) as well as the routine annoyances of graffiti and simple vandalism. In addition, the design of signs should allow for future changes in URLs that link to web pages with additional information or updates on a burial site’s association with Jewish communities; adhesive labels may need to be added for this purpose.

Often, the signage in a cemetery will be made up of directional or identification signs. The graphical design of the latter can be informed by the standards and guidelines that apply to direction or identification signs, including those for tourist sites and heritage areas. For example, the directional road signs shown in the photo of Rohatyn Cemetery use a national standard for sign sizes, corner radii and arrow form but with brown coloring and custom symbols to indicate that the site is related to Jewish heritage.

A cemetery is a burial ground. It may be an independent site or a part of a churchyard.

Cemeteries are normally regulated at the State level. The legislature has the power to discontinue their use or require removal of bodies interred thereon whenever it becomes necessary. It also has the power to prohibit re-use of graves.

Origins

A cemetery is an area where dead people are buried. It can be either public or private. The earliest cemeteries were churchyards, town commons, or municipal burial grounds.

Burial was originally a family obligation because of the widespread belief that ties of kinship last beyond death. Richer families commissioned the work of stonemasons to erect elaborate headstones that recorded names, dates of birth and death and other biographical data.

The term “cemetery” came into use in the 1830s with the rise of the rural cemetery movement. Previously, Americans had always buried their dead, but the practice was increasingly regarded as an unpleasant nuisance because of overcrowded churchyards and lack of space in town commons or municipal burial ground. The movement to rural cemeteries allowed for a separation of church and state and permitted the sale of plots. This facilitated the development of a national cemetery system.

Styles

The cemetery landscape changed as the Victorian era saw massive changes in views of death and the corpse. This included new places of burial outside city centers and churches. These are called park style cemeteries and often have sprawling walking paths and beautiful scenery. They also show large monuments and shift from family plots to individual graves.

Headstones – Inscriptions on the carved stone surfaces usually showed a person’s name, dates of birth and death, or a religious verse. The inscriptions were also written in Gothic font.

The headstones were slanting and placed on a base or foundation. This added stability to the monument and protected the more expensive headstone material above it from ground moisture. Decorative carvings were added to the headstones, and flowers like roses and lilies represented purity and love. Other motifs included willow trees and columns that signified strength and wisdom. The urn was a container for the cremains (ashes). It could be either decorative and on display or buried in the cemetery.

Rules and Regulations

Rule 7

All monuments, gravestones and markers must be firmly anchored on a foundation. No masonry work or grading of lots, plots, graves and blocks will be permitted without the approval of the Cemetery Superintendent.

The Cemetery reserves the right to enter upon any lot or grave, at any time and remove any object deemed by it to be offensive or improper and to detract from the general beauty of the grounds. This includes artificial flowers, trinkets, toys, balloons, stuffed animals, statues not an integral part of the monument and the like.

The re-use of a gravesite is not permitted, as the original owners may be deceased and it is often impossible to locate living family members decades after burial. This practice can result in unsightly and overgrown memorial works, a disruption to the cemetery’s care plan and the inability to maintain a clean, attractive resting place. It is therefore strongly recommended that families keep annual plantings within bounds and limit decorations to fresh flowers placed in a metal vase or flag holders no more than 30 inches above the ground surface.

Rights and Limitations

Although the idea of pouring over a contract or reading By Laws is not appealing, it is vital to understand the rights and limitations you will have when purchasing a plot. Typically there are rules that govern a cemetery’s ability to close, relocate or alter a lot. There are also regulations that dictate the size, material and design of monuments and markers, mainly for aesthetic considerations but often due to practical concerns like durability and safety.

The Cemetery has the right to remove or demolish any object that is considered by it to be offensive, improper or injurious to the appearance of the Cemetery. Also, the Cemetery has established procedural installation requirements and it reserves the right to stop any work of any nature by contractors or owners who fail to comply with these requirements.

In addition, if it is determined that a grave or crypt has not been used for Interment for twenty-five years or more, the Cemetery may consider re-use of that space. However, a reinterment will not occur until all Owners have consented to the same in writing.

Memorial Park is home to many different events and has been the center of community activity throughout its history. The Park has been visited by a number of famous musicians, such as Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons.

It was also the site of a native zoo that was known for having animals in cages that blended into their natural surroundings.

National POW/MIA Recognition Day

The third Friday of September is set aside as National POW/MIA Recognition Day, a time to remember those who were prisoners of war or servicemembers still unaccounted for from various conflicts. During this time, the POW/MIA flag is flown over government buildings, including military installations.

Until 1979, there wasn’t a formal recognition day, but Congress and the president passed resolutions making it official after families of the more than 2,500 missing from the Vietnam War pushed for full accountability.

Today, the Defense Department’s POW/MIA Accounting Agency continues to make efforts to account for all missing servicemembers and veterans, fulfilling America’s promise of leaving no man behind.

Korean War

The Korean War was a turning point in global politics. It highlighted the importance of military preparedness and the role of international organisations. It forged deep Western alliances. And it set the stage for Cold War divisions, including the deepening Sino-Soviet alliance and the concept of containment.

In late June 1950, forces of Communist North Korea crossed the 38th parallel dividing the two Koreas. The United Nations – a relatively new organisation at the time – quickly condemned the attack. The fighting dragged on until the end of July when armistice talks began. These dragged on for almost two years until an agreement was finally reached on 27 July 1953.

Vietnam War

During World War II, Ho Chi Minh led a national liberation movement (the Viet Minh) that fought the French colonial government and allied with Allied forces in Asia.

By 1968, these PAVN and NLF forces were poised to launch an all-out offensive across South Vietnam. General Westmoreland’s public reassurances that “the light at the end of the tunnel” was close were countered by the PAVN’s relentless assault.

Scholars continue to examine the impact of the conflict, including its immediate legacies like the diaspora and the environmental and health impacts of Agent Orange. But a fuller understanding of the war’s significance will only come as documents are declassified and as scholars grapple with new evidence.

World Trade Center

The World Trade Center was once the most iconic symbol of New York City, and its Twin Towers were a signature feature of the skyline. It was a major hub for business and government offices, and the buildings were the tallest in the world when they fell on September 11, 2001.

The site is now home to One World Trade Center, the September 11 Memorial & Museum, and the Perelman Performing Arts Center. Other planned developments include the Oculus Transportation Hub, 2 WTC, and 7 WTC.

Two enormous reflecting pools mark the sites of the former North and South towers. The names of those killed in the attacks are engraved around their edges.

U.S. Navy Armed Guards

During the war Armed Guards served aboard all the troop, cargo, and auxiliary merchant ships which went to dangerous waters. They fought against enemy submarines, aircraft, and surface ships. Often they were the only gun crews on a ship. Outstanding Armed Guard officers, who had participated in especially heavy engagements, were brought back to Washington to give information on enemy tactics and made instructors in the schools.

While awaiting ship assignment, enlisted men were given brush-up instructions in first aid, A to N, naval courtesy, fire drill and seamanship. Classes were also held on chemical warfare and aircraft recognition.

AIDS Memorial

For 24 years the Friends of AIDS Memorial Park has celebrated World AIDS Day on December 1. This event includes a sunset service that reads all names inscribed on the memorial walls and includes a reading by the Poet Laureate of Key West.

The AIDS Memorial Park honors New Yorkers who died of HIV-related causes and acknowledges their caregivers. It is located across the street from St. Vincent’s Hospital and in close proximity to many other sites central to the history of AIDS. The design of the park is a threshold that mediates between remembrance and contemporary community. Its raised ground surface invites people to connect with one another in a place of contemplation and dialogue.

The death of a loved one is an emotional time for families. It is important to have the right information to make informed decisions regarding funeral and cremation arrangements.

Funeral directors, embalmers and original funeral establishments must be licensed. Charges imposed under the law are directed to be deposited in the Cemetery and Funeral Fund, which is continuously appropriated.

Arrangements

For many people, the death of a loved one can be traumatic. For the survivors, arranging funeral and cemetery arrangements can be overwhelming and time-consuming. Funeral pre-arranging allows you to make your arrangements in advance, sparing your family the extra burden of making decisions at a very difficult time.

If you provide funeral goods and services to persons who are entitled to government benefits, you must comply with the Rule. You must give those consumers a General Price List when they inquire about your prices, even if the inquiry is by telephone or mail.

You must also provide a General Price List to anyone who is purchasing a casket or funeral service from you, regardless of the way the transaction is made. This information can be provided at the arrangement conference, or in some cases, in writing before the arrangement conference begins. You may not charge more for your services than the prices listed in your General Price List.

Burial

Burial is one of the most common ways for individuals to honor their loved ones after a death. It is also a necessary step in many cultures for those who believe in an afterlife. Geography, religion and social attitudes affect whether the body is buried in soil, in water or left to decompose in the open air.

It is important to have copies of the death certificates. The funeral director can assist in obtaining these. These will be needed by the bank, insurance companies and the probate court.

HRA has funds available for low-income families to cover burial expenses. The funeral home can help you file an affidavit to receive the funds. The affidavit must be notarized. There is a fee for this service. This fee is not included in the total amount of the bill. It is a separate charge that the funeral home must disclose in advance. This fee is subject to change.

Cremation

The cremation process is a physical, mechanical and thermal dissolution of human remains that reduces them to bone fragments no larger than one-eighth inch. It is usually done after a funeral or memorial service and before burial or scattering.

Typically the body is not embalmed for cremation, only cleaned and dressed. Jewelry and other personal belongings are removed and placed in a temporary container. A metal ID tag is attached for identification. The remains are then transported to the crematory and put into the cremation chamber. After the cremation, the cremated remains are swept out of the chamber and checked again for proper identification. Then the ashes are placed in an urn for permanent storage.

If you have a problem with a funeral director or cemetery, contact your local district attorney or the state’s consumer protection or licensing agency. If you file a complaint, send a copy to the company being complained about (with a “cc” to Funeral Consumers Alliance) and also to the licensing authority.

Preparation

Preparation services include embalming and other preparation of the body for burial or cremation. Funeral homes also help consumers with obtaining permits for final disposition and filing death certificates.

Funeral directors must offer a general price list to anyone who asks. This must be written or printed and contain the prices of all outer burial containers, except caskets, and a brief description of each container.

Funeral homes can also help you make arrangements for a wake, or informal gathering of friends and family after a service. They can arrange for food and drink, and may even be able to book a restaurant that was special to your loved one. They can also assist with obtaining donations for charities that were important to your loved one. They can also make death announcements and place obituaries in newspapers. They can also create video tributes using photos or other videos provided by you. This can be a meaningful way to share your loved ones’ memories.